Congenital pterygium with anterior segment dysgenesis: rare ocular manifestation in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Pterygium is a benign, wing-shaped fibrovascular overgrowth of subconjunctival tissue that can encroach over the cornea. This condition usually occurs in individuals aged 20-40 years but is rarely seen in children. We report a case of an infant with Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome presenting with nebulo-macular corneal opacity and congenital pterygium. On examination under anaesthesia, bilateral infero-nasal nebulo-macular corneal opacity (6 × 5 mm) with a whitish pink tissue originating from nasal bulbar conjunctiva was noticed. The probe test was negative for this tissue. To the best of our knowledge, only two other cases of congenital pterygium have been reported in the literature. The presence of this anomaly supports the hypothesis of genetic factors having a role in the development of pterygium.

The effect of pterygium on front and back corneal astigmatism and aberrations in natural-light and low-light conditions.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of different sizes of pterygium on the front and back corneal topography, refractive changes and aberrations in natural-light and low-light conditions. METHODS: Sixty subjects with unilateral primary nasal pterygium were enrolled in this study. All the patients' uncorrected, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, corneal topographic aberration data in 3 mm and 7 mm areas were collected. The pterygium size was evaluated by the slit-lamp photography and Sirius Scheimpflug Analyzer. RESULTS: The front topographic astigmatism values, corneal total aberrations, and higher-order aberrations in 3 mm and 7 mm areas were higher in the pterygium group than those in the control group. The pterygium horizontal length and thickness were moderately to strongly correlated with astigmatism and RMS of aberrations, while pterygium vertical length showed no or just mild correlation with the corneal astigmatism and aberrations. Compared to the readings in 3 mm area, the front and back corneal astigmatism and aberrations were larger in 7 mm area. CONCLUSIONS: Pterygium led to visual impairment by inducing astigmatism and aberrations. In low-light condition, the visual function worsened due to increased corneal astigmatism values and aberrations.

Subconjunctival dexamethasone-assisted conjunctival autograft harvesting versus normal saline during pterygium surgery - A randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival dexamethasone compared to normal saline on conjunctival autograft harvesting in patients undergoing pterygium surgery. METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients who underwent pterygium excision combined with autologous conjunctival graft (CAG) using releasable suture were included in this prospective interventional study. The patients were randomized into two groups of 26 patients each. Group A consisted of patients in whom CAG was harvested using subconjunctival 0.5 ml of 0.4% dexamethasone sodium phosphate and in group B patients, normal saline was used. The patients were assessed for postoperative pain, foreign body sensation, and watering as the subjective signs of inflammation and conjunctival inflammation and lid edema as the objective signs of inflammation at 12 and 24 h postsurgery. RESULTS: The mean age of group A and B patients was 47.69 + 13.09 and 46.00 + 10.76 years, respectively. The male:female ratio was 1.6:1 in group A and 1.1:1 in group B. The mean surgical time in group A was 243.96 ± 52.13 s and in group B was 258.08 ± 43.99 s. Postoperative pain, foreign body sensation, and watering were significantly lower in group A patients than in group B patients at both 12 and 24 h postoperatively (group A: 4.65 ± 1.33, 4.88 ± 1.73, and 3.85 ± 1.43, respectively, at 12 h; 1.89 ± 1.03, 1.69 ± 1.09, and 1.69 ± 0.97, respectively, at 24 h and group B: 6.42 ± 0.95, 6.65 ± 0.98, and 6.27 ± 1.40, respectively, at 12 h; 3.27 ± 1.43, 3.12 ± 1.25, 2.58 ± 1.14, respectively, at 24 h) ( P < 0.001). Conjunctival inflammation was significantly lower in group A at 12 h ( P < 0.05) and 24 h ( P < 0.05) after surgery compared to group B. Lid edema failed to show any significant ( P = 0.17) difference with respect to severity in both the groups at 12 and 24 h ( P = 0.699). CONCLUSION: Subconjunctival dexamethasone decreased patient discomfort following pterygium surgery. The dexamethasone group had reduced conjunctival inflammatory signs without any notable complications.

Pterygium combined with corneal perforation: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease. Pterygium combined with corneal perforation is rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old female patient visited our outpatient clinic due to sudden onset of blurred vision and increased tearing in her left eye. The visual acuity was 1.0 OD and intraocular pressure (IOP) of 19.5 mmHg for the right eye with no significant abnormalities found in the anterior and posterior segments. The visual acuity of her left eye was 0.06, and IOP was 6.2 mmHg. A triangular vascular membranous tissue was seen in her left eye below the nose growing into the cornea and the pupil area was not touched. Slit-lamp examination revealed a tiny round corneal perforation in 8 o'clock position of the lesion area. Hospital diagnosis was given as pterygium combined with corneal perforation. The patient was treated with levofloxacin eye drops and autologous serum-based eye drops. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of pterygium combined with corneal perforation. Perforation is a very rare complication of pterygium. This patient received proper treatment and good result was seen. This article aimed to improve clinicians' understanding of pterygium.

Are Periocular and Systemic Allergy Conditions Risk Factors for Pterygium?

PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for pterygium and prevalence of periocular and systemic diseases among patients with pterygium. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted among members of Clalit Health Services (CHS) in Israel, from 2001 to 2022. A total of 13,944 patients diagnosed with pterygium were included. For each case, three controls were matched among all CHS patients according to year of birth, sex, and ethnicity. Mixed models were used to assess differences in demographic characteristics, ocular and systemic diseases between the groups. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and adjust for confounders. RESULTS: The average age of pterygium patients was 49 ± 17 years; 51% were male. The results showed significant associations between pterygium and risk factors of vernal kerato-conjunctivitis (OR 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.96-3.24]), chronic allergic conjunctivitis (OR 1.98, 95% CI: [1.65-2.39]), blepharitis (OR 1.91, 95% CI: [1.78-2.04]), chalazion (OR 1.47, 95% CI: [1.30-1.67]) and unspecified systemic allergy (OR 1.21, 95% CI [1.09-1.34]), after adjusting for rural residency status. Glaucoma (OR 0.74, 95% CI [0.64-0.85]) and smoking (OR 0.70, 95% CI [0.66-0.75]) were protective factors against pterygium. CONCLUSION: Systemic and periocular inflammatory and allergic diseases are risk factors for pterygium.

Effect of pterygium on corneal astigmatism, irregularity and higher-order aberrations: a comparative study with normal fellow eyes.

Pterygium is an abnormal growth of fibrous conjunctival tissue that invades the cornea, resulting in corneal distortion, astigmatism, and increased higher-order aberrations (HOAs). However, few studies have compared eyes with pterygium to normal fellow eyes when interpreting HOAs and there is no study that revealed the effect of the thickness or grading of the pterygium on the change of HOAs. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of nasal pterygium by comparing the normal fellow eye of 59 patients. The pterygium significantly increased with-the-rule corneal astigmatism and corneal irregularity. Trefoils, horizontal coma, and quatrefoils were significantly induced by the pterygium. The grading of the pterygium was not correlated with its characteristics except for the thickness. In multiple linear regression analysis, pterygium-induced corneal astigmatic/irregularity values and horizontal trefoil/quatrefoil were associated with the area of the pterygium. The length of the pterygium was an independent inducer of oblique trefoil/quatrefoil, while horizontal coma was independently associated with both its length and width. The thickness was not correlated with any optical parameters. Together, the results demonstrate that nasal pterygium significantly induces corneal astigmatism, irregularity and some HOAs. These pterygium-associated changes in optical parameters could be predicted by the length, width and area of the pterygium.

Symblepharon in kittens: a retrospective study of 40 kittens and 54 eyes (2002-2022).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the signalment, treatment, surgical technique and outcomes for feline symblepharon. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review and standardized grading of clinical descriptions and photographs was undertaken. RESULTS: Forty kittens (54 eyes) aged 3-46 weeks had symblepharon of five types in various combinations: eyelid deformation (24 kittens; 32 eyes); ankyloblepharon (four kittens; four eyes); conjunctiva-to-conjunctiva (11 kittens; 12 eyes); third eyelid-to-conjunctiva (24 kittens; 29 eyes); and corneoconjunctival adhesions (14 kittens; 16 eyes). At initial presentation, 23 (43%) eyes were affected by one type of symblepharon, 25 (46%) eyes by two types and six (11%) eyes by three types; 11 (20%) corneas were ulcerated. Twenty-four (44%) eyes of 18 (45%) kittens were managed medically. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia/sedation (30 occasions) or topical anesthesia (21 occasions) on 30 (56%) eyes of 22 kittens; 12 eyes (40%) underwent multiple surgeries. Four techniques were commonly employed: separation of conjunctival-to-conjunctival adhesions ± eyelid margins (14 eyes); resection of third eyelid adhesions ± temporary tacking of the third eyelid (modified Arlt's pterygium technique; 18 eyes); en bloc resection of the third eyelid (two eyes); and separation of corneoconjunctival adhesions (14 eyes). Median duration of follow-up was 55 days (range 1-1051). Median symblepharon grade in kittens treated surgically improved for all types except corneoconjunctival symblepharon. Median symblepharon grade in kittens receiving medical management remained the same or improved. Corneoconjunctival symblepharon opacity decreased for eyes treated surgically but increased for eyes treated medically. Three eyes were enucleated due to complications of corneoconjunctival symblepharon. At final presentation, symblepharon persisted in 46 (85%) eyes; however, menace response was evident in 13/16 eyes and dazzle reflex in 23/23 eyes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Symblepharon is a heterogeneous group of conditions with diverse anatomic involvement, clinical appearance and impact, optimal treatment and prognosis for vision.

Climatic Droplet Keratopathy Is a Misnomer for This Corneal Degeneration.

PURPOSE: To describe a new insight into the Climate Droplet Keratopathy (CDK) pathophysiology and its major predisposing factors. METHOD: A literature search was undertaken on PubMed to compile papers published on CDK. The following is a focused opinion tempered by synthesis of current evidence, and research of the authors. RESULTS: CDK is a multifactorial rural disease common in regions with high incidence of pterygium, but not related to the type of climate or ozone concentrations. Although it has been thought that climate is the cause of this disease, recent investigations deny that and reveal that other environmental factors such as dietary intake, eye protection, oxidative stress, and ocular inflammatory pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of CDK. CONCLUSION: Considering the negligible effect of climate, the present name " CDK" for this illness can be confusing for young ophthalmologists. Based on these remarks, it is imperative to start using an accurate name like "Environmental Corneal Degeneration (ECD)" that fits the most recent evidence related to its etiology.

Inadvertent filtering bleb due to extracapsular cataract extraction wound reopening after mitomycin C use: a case report.

BACKGROUND:  Mitomycin C has been used adjunctively in various procedures, including pterygium excision. Delayed wound healing, the long-term complication of mitomycin C, can occur several years later and may rarely cause a subsequent inadvertent filtering bleb. However, conjunctival bleb formation from the reopening of an adjacent surgical wound after mitomycin C use has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 91-year-old Thai woman had undergone pterygium excision 26 years ago, with adjunctive mitomycin C, as well as an uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction in the same year. The patient developed a filtering bleb without glaucoma surgery or trauma approximately 25 years later. Anterior segment ocular coherence tomography illustrated a fistula connected between the bleb and anterior chamber at the scleral spur. The bleb was observed without further management, as no hypotony or bleb-related complications occurred. The symptoms/signs of bleb-related infection were advised. CONCLUSIONS:  This is a case report of a rare novel complication of mitomycin C application. Conjunctival bleb formation from the reopening of surgical wound, which was related to the previous mitomycin C use, could occur after a few decades.

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a patient following oral steroids for contralateral necrotising scleritis.

A male patient in his 70s presented with left eye necrotising scleritis. His ocular history was significant for pterygium excision with mitomycin C 3 months prior in the affected eye, open-angle glaucoma, nuclear sclerosis cataract and previous sixth cranial nerve palsy. Scleral culture was negative and blood work was positive for rheumatoid factor and HLA-B27. The patient was treated for necrotising scleritis with oral doxycycline, vitamin C, ranitidine and prednisone with gradual taper over 45 days. Two months after initiating treatment, his necrotising scleritis achieved complete resolution; however, a new-onset ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) was identified at the temporal limbus of the contralateral eye. He was treated with topical interferon alpha-2b 1 million IU qid and achieved complete resolution after 4 months. The case highlights both the acute precipitation of OSSN following oral steroids and a sight-threatening complication following pterygium excision.

Update on overview of pterygium and its surgical management.

Pterygium is a bulbar conjunctival fibrovascular growth that crosses the limbus and extends onto the peripheral cornea, and in some cases leads to significant visual complications. The prevalence of this disease has been reported to be from 1.2% to about 40% in different parts of the world. Although there are various risk factors for pterygium, which include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, viral infection, hereditary factors, immune factors, aseptic inflammation, and environmental irritation, the pathogenesis of pterygium is mainly related to exposure to UV light. In addition to cosmetic problems, pterygium can lead to eye irritation, disrupt the transparency of cornea on the pupil area, and cause disorders such as corneal astigmatism and damage to the visual axis leading to vision impairment. In the last few years, the treatment of pterygium has been developed and various new solutions have been used. Surgery is the main treatment for pterygium. Various techniques such as Bare Sclera, Rotational Conjunctival Flap, Limbal Conjunctival Autograft, Amniotic Membrane Graft, and Free Conjunctival Autograft are used for the removal of pterygium. It also seems that the worrisome problem of recurrence has been significantly reduced with newer treatment methods. On the contrary, the use of auxiliary treatments such as mitomycin C, b-radiation, 5-fluorouracil, topical use of interferons, and Avastin are also effective in reducing the recurrence rate.

Diffuse Corneal Edema after Uneventful Pterygium Surgery: Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome or Toxic Keratopathy?

A 29-year-old woman was referred to our department for corneal edema after uneventful pterygium excision surgery with conjunctival autografting. She was prescribed topical dexamethasone and showed a complete response within 2 weeks of treatment. Specular microscopic examination revealed severe endothelial cell loss in the operated eye. Mild corneal haze causing a decrease in vision (20/50) was observed in long-term follow-up. This steroid-responsive complication was linked to two possible etiologies: mild toxic anterior segment syndrome or povidone-iodine (PVP-I) corneal toxicity. Surgeons should be careful during pterygium surgery to completely clear PVP-I and avoid any penetration into the anterior chamber to prevent possible serious complications. When diffuse corneal edema is encountered after pterygium surgery, intense steroid treatment should be prescribed as in the present case.

Correlation between the presumed pterygium with dry eye and with systemic and ocular risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the epidemiology of the pterygium and its correlation with dry eye symptoms and with the potential systemic and ocular predictors. METHODS: This study is a population-based, cross-sectional study in which random visits were made to the 600 households of 600 participants of age ≥40 years in Ribeirão Preto-SP (n=420) and Cassia dos Coqueiros-SP (n=180) in Brazil. The participants were subjected to a structured interview with a detailed questionnaire to collect information on demography and the potential risk factors. Next, random participants with pterygium (n=63) or not (n=110) were evaluated for the ocular surface changes. RESULTS: The frequency of pterygium in Ribeirão Preto was 21% (15.7% among women and 32.1% among men; p=0.0002). In Cássia dos Coqueiros, the corresponding frequency was 19.4% (17.3% among women and 25.5% among men; p=0.28). The mean age of the affected individuals was higher than that of the unaffected ones (65.6 ± 10.5 years vs. 61.2 ± 12.0 years, p=0.02). A positive correlation was noted between pterygium and any prior radiotherapy and chemotherapy (p<0.0001, for both). A higher score on corneal fluorescein and conjunctival lissamine green staining was asso ciated with pterygium (p=0.0003 and 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: We noted a high frequency of pterygium in two Brazilian adult populations, mainly among the men and elderly. Ocular surface damage and a previous history of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were found to be associated with pterygium.

Treatment of Mooren's ulcer coexisting with a pterygium using an intrastromal lenticule obtained from small-incision lenticule extraction: case report and literature review.

The coexistence of Mooren's ulcer and a pterygium is an extremely rare ocular condition that has been infrequently reported in the literature to date. We herein present the first case of treatment of Mooren's ulcer coexisting with a pterygium using a lenticule obtained by myopic small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). A 61-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of recurrent ocular pain and red eye caused by Mooren's ulcer coexisting with a pterygium. She received topical immunosuppressive and anti-infection treatments for almost 3 months. However, her ocular symptoms and signs did not substantially improve. Therefore, we performed lamellar keratoplasty with a corneal lenticule obtained by SMILE, followed by pterygium excision combined with conjunctival autografting. The patient recovered well with no complications or recurrence 1 year postoperatively. Our success suggests that combined surgery may be an effective management for coexistence of Mooren's ulcer and a pterygium if conservative treatments fail. A corneal lenticule obtained by SMILE can be used as the lamellar keratoplasty graft in such patients.

Lack of HPV in pterygium with no evidence of autoinoculation and the role of cytokines in pterygium with dry eye.

This study evaluated human papillomavirus's (HPV) role in pterygium pathogenesis, its autoinoculation from genitalia to ocular surface, potential cytokines involved, and crosstalk cytokines between pterygium and dry eye (DE). This cross-sectional study enrolled 25 healthy controls (HCs) and 116 pterygium patients. Four subgroups of pterygium and DE were used in cytokine evaluations. Conjunctival and pterygium swabs and first-void urine samples (i.e., genitalia samples) were collected for HPV DNA detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tear cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tears were evaluated. No HPV DNA was detected in conjunctival or pterygium swabs. No association was found between HPV DNA in urine samples and that from conjunctival or pterygium swabs. Tear VEGF levels were significantly higher in pterygium patients than in HCs, with no markedly different levels between primary and recurrent pterygia. Tear IL-6, IL-18, and tear VEGF were significantly higher in participants with DE, regardless of pterygium status. In conclusion, HPV infection was not a pathogenic factor of pterygia. The hypothesis of HPV transmitting from the genitals to ocular surfaces was nullified. Tear VEGF was involved in both pterygia and DE, whereas tear IL-6 and IL-18 played roles only in DE.

Evaluation of the Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Pterygium: Monocyte-to- High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Hematologic Indexes of Inflammation.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate systemic inflammation in patients with pterygium using the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and hematologic indexes of inflammation. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with primary pterygium and 31 age-and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in this retrospective study. The MHR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio, mean platelet volume-to-platelet count ratio, platelet distribution width, and red cell distribution width were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of the MHR between the pterygium group and the control group (P = 0.693). The NLR was higher in the pterygium group than in the control group (P = 0.028). In the other hematologic indexes, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The MHR is not associated with the presence of pterygium. An increased NLR in patients with pterygium may be an indicator of systemic inflammation.

Pterigión dorsal y onicólisis asociados a un penfigoide ampolloso / Dorsal Pterygium and Onycholysis Associated With Bullous Pemphigoid

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Curcuma longa aqueous extract: A potential solution for the prevention of corneal scarring as a result of pterygium surgical excision (Review).

Curcumin has been used since ancient times as a treatment for a wide range of pathologies. For centuries, it has been considered to be an effective aid for common human diseases. Curcuma longa has been reported to possess various beneficial properties and actions, including anti­inflammatory, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and cortisone­like actions. Pterygium is a degenerative disorder of the conjunctiva indicative of a strong inflammatory condition that requires surgical treatment, which often results in disfiguring sclerocorneal scars. The delay in the healing of superficial corneal wounds caused by topical administration of light­cortisone results in improved restoration of corneal functions and anatomy compared with physiological healing processes. The present review is focused on the medicinal properties of curcumin, the main component of Curcuma longa extract, in particular its strong cortisone­like effect, and its potential use for the prevention and treatment of sclerocorneal scars resulting from pterygium surgical excision.

Influences of the three-dimensional parameters of pterygium on corneal astigmatism and the intraocular lens power calculation.

Pterygium morphology had great effect on corneal astigmatism and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in cataract patients. However, previous studies all focused on the pterygium surface parameters, the invasion degree or cross-sectional area of the pterygia into the corneal stroma were neglected. We studied the effect of three-dimensional parameters of pterygium on corneal astigmatism and IOL power prediction. We enrolled 81 eyes of 81 patients with primary nasal pterygium, measured the corneal astigmatism (Pentacam HR) and predicted IOL power change (IOLmaster500) before and after pterygium surgery. The three-dimensional parameters of pterygium (length, width, area, height and invasion cross-sectional area) were measured by slit lamp photography and Scheimpflug images. After pterygium surgery, corneal astigmatism decreased from 4.35 ± 4.24 to 1.07 ± 0.95 D and total corneal refractive power increased from 43.02 ± 1.96 to 43.95 ± 0.95 D (both P < 0.001). The predicted IOL power decreased from 22.87 ± 2.82 to 21.71 ± 2.85 D (P < 0.001) after surgery. Notably, 34 eyes (41.98%) had ≥3.0 D of pterygium induced astigmatism (PIA), and 33 eyes (40.74%) had ≥1.0 D of predicted IOL power change. PIA was independently influenced by the pterygium surface area (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) and cross-sectional area (r = 1.25, P = 0.018), while the predicted IOL power change was independently affected by the pterygium width (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). Cataract surgeons could evaluate the effects of a pterygium according to its three-dimensional parameters and prepare an optimal surgical strategy for cataract combined pterygium patients.

Pattern of corneal astigmatism induced by primary pterygium in patients with cataract in a secondary hospital in Southern China: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To review the pattern of primary pterygium-induced corneal astigmatism in patients with cataract in a southern Chinese population. DESIGN: Clinic-based cross-sectional retrospective study. SETTING: A secondary hospital at southern China. PARTICIPANTS: A group of 1689 eyes with primary pterygium (PT group) and the other group of 4062 eyes without pterygium (NPT group) were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Corneal power was measured by an autokeratorefractometer. Corneal astigmatism was calculated as the difference in corneal power between the steepest and flattest meridians. Distribution of corneal astigmatism was compared between eyes with pterygium and eyes without pterygium. RESULTS: Distribution of corneal astigmatism was different between PT group (skewness=2.548, kurtosis=8.237) and NPT group (skewness=2.778, kurtosis=15.52). Mean corneal astigmatism was significantly higher in the PT group (1.62±1.49D) compared with the NPT group (1.17±0.89D, p<0.0001). The prevalence of corneal astigmatism >1D (PT 52.3%, NPT 40.9%, p<0.0001), >2D (PT 22.4%, NPT 10.6%, p<0.0001) or >3D (PT 10.5%, NPT 3.2%, p<0.0001) was significantly higher in the PT group compared with the NPT group. Eyes in the PT group had significantly higher corneal astigmatism than the NPT group in almost every age group (all p<0.05), with the exception of patients ≥90 years. Moreover, eyes in the PT group had significantly higher with-the-rule (PT 1.72±1.59D, NPT 1.19±0.88D, p<0.0001) and against-the-rule (PT 1.63±1.46D, NPT 1.18±0.88D, p<0.0001) but similar oblique astigmatism (PT 1.11±1.00D, NPT 0.99±0.89D, p=0.065) corneal astigmatism compared with the NPT group. Power vector analysis indicated that the axis of corneal astigmatism was not significantly different between the two groups (J0, PT -0.01±0.74D, NPT 0.01±0.52D, p=0.48; J45, PT -0.03±0.82D, NPT 0.00±0.52D, p=0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Pattern of corneal astigmatism in eyes with cataract and coexisting primary pterygium was different from eyes without pterygium. Pterygium is associated with higher magnitude but not different axis of corneal astigmatism.